Does a liberalized postal market need a sector specific regulator?
For different reasons, most actors in liberalized postal markets call for sector specific regulatory bodies. However those should disappear over time along with an increasingly market-oriented definition of universal services.
Sector specific regulation in the postal sector has rarely been questioned so far. However, with the total opening of the European market now foreseen between 2011 and 2013, and in some countries already in place, we should think again.
To recall the context, specific regulation in the postal sector is an invention of the European Community back in 1997. The regulation was a copy of what at that time had already been set up for the telecommunications sector. Indeed the Postal Directive (97/67/EC) required every member country to set up a postal regulator. The regulator’s main functions were: firstly to make sure the Universal Service Obligation (USO) and corresponding quality criteria are fulfilled; and secondly to watch on possible cross-subsidies resulting from the monopoly, which in turn was designed as a means to finance the USO.
Abolition of postal monopoly
With the new Postal Directive of the European Community (2008/6/EC), the monopoly will be abolished in 2011 with exceptions granted to some member countries in 2013. Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom have already abolished (at least de jure) their monopoly protection, while the Netherlands delayed full market opening because of continuing barriers to entry in Germany. Outside the European Union, Switzerland might open its postal market completely to competition by 2012, while Canada thinks on deregulating outbound mail.
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